Air Law Part 3 CPL ENR

"ceiling”: means the height of the lowest layer of cloud below 6000 m, or 20.000 ft from the ground surface or water, covering more than one-half of the sky.

“cloud ceiling": means, in relation to an aerodrome, the vertical distance from the elevation of the aerodrome to the lowest part of any cloud visible from the aerodrome which is sufficient to obscure more than one-half or the sky so visible.

"day”: means the time from twenty minutes before sunrise until twenty minutes after sunset, excluding both the tunes, determined at surface level.

Notification Required from operators

At least 3 hours advance notice given to the meteorological office for any meteorological documentation for any change in schedule of flight.

Emergency Frequencies;

121.5 MHz

243 MHz

500 kHz

2182 kHz

1.1 Separation based on:-

a) Estimated and actual times over position reporting points.

b) Reports of visual sighting

c) Radar identification

d) Distance reports

Information that must be passed when obtaining ATC clearance to be operated in a controlled airspace

a) Aircraft Identification

b) Clearance limit and route instruction

c) Level assignment

d) Departure instruction when necessary

e) Approach instruction when necessary'

f) Clearance expiry time when necessary'

g) Any special instructions and information.

VFR flights at night are not permitted (in Malaysia)

VFR flights are not permitted in controlled airspace above FL 150

VFR flights are not permitted in uncontrolled airspace above FL 250

2.1 Suspension of VFR flight:

a) When the reported cloud ceiling is below 1500 ft.

b) When the ground visibility is less than 5 km.

Wake Turbulence Catagories

a) HEAVY - aircraft types ≥ 136,000kg

b) MEDIUM - aircraft types less than 136,000kg but more than 7,,000kg; and

c) LIGHT - aircraft types of 7,000kg or less.

HOLDING PATTERN ENTRY PROCEDURES

1) Parallel Entry (Sector 1)

2) Offset Entry (Sector 2)

3) Direct Entry (Sector 3)

Sector 1 = 110 degrees (R or L)

Sector 2 = 70 degrees (remaining)

Sector 3 = 180 degrees (remaining)

Approach Categories of Aeroplanes;

Category A - less than 91 kt IAS

Category B - 91 kt to 121 kt

Category C - 121 kt to 141 kt

Category D - 141 kt. To 166 kt

Category E - 166 kt. To 211 kt

1.3 VSO = Class B

1.23 VSRO = Class A

2. Radar Separation Standards:

(a) 5 NM

• Within CTR and/or TMA but not more than 40 NM from the radar head.

• Both PS and SSR are operating.

(b) nm - Other than the situation as specified in (a) above.

2. Terrain Clearance:

The minimum altitude that may be assigned within 40 NM of an airfield. This provides at least 1000' vertical clearance above obstacles within 5 NM radius of the aircraft’s position.

RADIO COMMUNICATION FAILURE

VFR; Total radio communication failure occurs in VMC during daylight hours, the

PIC shall;

• Maintain flight in VMC

• Land at the nearest suitable aerodrome, which may be the destination aerodrome,

• Report his arrival to ATC by the quick least means

In IFR, he will continue up to his destination, report at point. At his expected ETA, he will break down from holding and descend to land.

(a) set transponder code to 7600

(b) maintain the last assigned level for a period of 3 mins if no clearance time or geographical limit was given by ATC

(c) subsequently climb, complying with any level requirements stipulated in the SID or departure clearance as appropriate then to cruising level in accordance with the current flight plan.

1.1 Flight Plan shall be submitted:

departing Malaysian airports whose destinations are outside

Malaysia (and when crossing the FIRs) (KK and KL)

(a) IFR at least 3 hours prior to ETD for flights:

(b) VFR at least 1 hour prior to ETD for flights

when being intercepted;

1) Manual or card that gives all the intercepting signals

2) Certificate of Registration

Load Sheets:

For an aeroplane that is less than or equal to 2730 kg, you don't need to carry a copy of the load sheet on board (not MANDATORY) aircraft heavier than that you must.

For an aeroplane less than or equal to 5700 kg, the ACTUAL weight of passengers and cargo is taken. For aeroplanes heavier than 5700 kg, there is an assumed weight of passengers.

Aircraft with an authorized maximum total weight of more than 5700 kgs and seating capacity of 12 or more, the total weight of passengers and crew may be calculated at not less than the appropriate weights shown below:

Male ------------------------------------------------------75kgs.

Female --------------------------------------------------65 kgs.

Children aged two -------------------------------------40 kgs

And above but not exceeding 12 years of age.

Infants under 2 ---------------------------------------10 kgs.

For baggage:

Flight Domestic International

Cabin/'pax 3 kg 3 kg

Hold/pc. 10 kg 14 kg

VALIDITY OF MEDICAL CERTIFICATES

3.1 The medical certificate (or Declaration of Health where appropriate) required for

private pilots’ licences and student pilots is valid as follows:

Age Validity (in addition to the remainder of the month of issue)

less than 40 = 5 years(but see Note below)

40 to 50 = 2 years

50 to 70 = 1 year

more than 70 6 months

NOTE: A medical certificate for a private pilot’s licence or student pilot issued before the applicant’s

40th birthday will only remain valid until his/her 42nd birthday.

DISTRESS

The following, either together or separately before a message, mean an aircraft is in grave and imminent danger and wants immediate help:

(a) RT: ‘Mayday, Mayday, Mayday’;

(b) visual signalling:

(i) SOS in morse (• • • _ _ _ • • •);

(ii) a succession of pyrotechnic single reds fired at short intervals;

(iii) a red parachute flare;

(c) sound signalling (other than RTF):

(i) SOS in morse (• • • _ _ _ • • •);

(ii) a continuous sound, with any apparatus.